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"...And now, if there are
faults they are the mistakes of men; All
biblical quotes are from the King James Version unless specified otherwise. There is also a downloadable version at my Feedbooks page. If you have questions, comments, or suggestions (or even compliments!), please write to me at -
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w Adam the First w All-Prayer w Any-thing w Apollyon w Apostasy w Arbour w Arrogancy w Assault Lane w Atheist w |
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w Bath, garden of w Bat's-Eyes w Beautiful, Palace w Beelzebub/Beelzebub's castle w Beulah, Country of w Blindman w Bliss w Bloody-Man w Bountiful w Brisk, Mr. w Book w Bottomless Pit w Broadway-Gate w Bubble, Madam w Burden w Burning Lake w By-Ends w By-path Meadow w By-way to Hell w |
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w Carnal-Delights w Carnal Policy w Catholic Church w Caution w Celestial City w Charity w Charity, Holy Kiss of w Charity, Mount w Christian w Christian Acts/Deeds w Christiana w Civility w Conceit, Country of w Conductor w Confusion, Clouds of w Contrite w Coveting w Cross w Cruelty w |
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w Damnable Apostate w Danger & Destruction w Dare-not-Lie w Dark-Land w Dead-Man's Lane w Dead Sea w Death, Valley of the Shadow of w Demas w Desire of Vain-Glory w Devil's Garden w Deliverance, Place of w Despair, Giant w Despair, Iron Cage of w Despond, Slough of w Despondency w Destruction, path w Destruction, City of w Difficulty, Hill w Diffidence w Discontent w Discretion w Doubting Castle w Dragons of the pit w Dull w |
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w Ease, Plain of w Emmanuel's Land w Enchanted Ground w End of the Way w Enmity w Envy w Error w Evangelist w Evidence w Experience w |
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w Facing-both-ways w Faint-Heart w Fair-Speech w Fair-speech, Lord w Faith w Faith/Grace/Works w Faith/Hope/Charity w Fat Things w Fear w Fearful w Fearing, Mr. w Feeble-Mind w Feigning w Fetters w Filth w Fire & Brimstone w Flatterer w Fool w Forgetful Glen w Formalist & Hypocrisy w Fountain of Life w Four Boys w |
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w Gaius/Gaius' Inn w Gate w Gehazi w God w Godlyman w Golden Gate w Good-Confidence w Good-Conscience w Good Samaritan w Goodwill w Grace w Graceless w Great-Heart w Great-Grace w Great-Grace, Son of w Great One of the Fair w Grim w Gripeman w Guilt w Gulph w |
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w Hate-Good w Hate-Light w Having Greedy w Heady w Heavenly Jerusalem w Heedless w Heirs of Salvation w Hell w Help w Help, asking for w High-Mind w Hobgoblins w Hold-the-world w Holiness, Way of w Holy-Man w Honest, Mr. w Honesty w Hope w Hope & Fear w Hopeful w Humble-mind w Humiliation, valley of w Hypocrisy w |
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w Ignorance w Ill-Favored Ones w Ill-will w Immortals w Immortality w Implacable w Inchanted Ground w Inconsiderate w Innocent w Innocent, Mount w Interpreter/Interpreter's House w Iron Cage w |
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w James w Jesus Christ w Joseph w Judge of All w |
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w King w King's Highway w Know-Nothing w Knowledge w |
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w Law of Moses w Legality w Leachery w Lechery w Legion w Letter w Liar w Light of Life w Light-Mind w Linger-after-lust w Lion-like Men w Lions w Little-faith w Live-loose w Looking-Glass w Lord of the Hill Difficulty w Lot's Wife w Love-Saints w Love-the Flesh w Lovegain w Love-lust w Lucre, Hill of w Lust of the Eyes w Lust of the Flesh w Luxurious w |
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w Malice w Martha w Marvel, Mount w Master of the College of Physicians w Matthew w Maul w Merciful One w Mercy w Ministering Angels w Mistrust w Mnason w Money-love w Monster w Morality w Mount Zion w Much-Afraid w |
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w Pagan w Paradise of God w Parchment/Roll w Passion w Patience w Penitent w Phebe w Pick-Thank w Pillar shaped like a woman w Pleasant Meadow & River w Pleasant River w Pliable w Pope w Porter/Porter's Lodge w Pragmatick w Prating Row w Prejudice w Presumption w Pride w Pride of Life w Prince, the Lord of Mount Zion w Princely Gate w Promise, key w Prudence w |
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w Rape w Ready-to-Halt w Reliever w Rewards for the Pilgrims w River (of Death) w River of God w Roll with a Seal w Rogues w Rome w Ruin w |
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w Sagacity, Mr. w Salvation w Samuel w Satyrs w Save-all w Saveself w Say-well w Seal w Secret w Self-Conceit w Self-will, Mr. w Sepulchre w Sexual Assault w Shame w Sheepfold of a Good Shepherd w Shining Light w Shining Ones w Simple/Sloth/Presumption w Shepherds w Short-wind w Sincere w Skill, Mr. w Slay-good w Sleepy-head w Sloth w Slow-pace w Smooth-man w Snares of Death w Sovereign w Steadfast, Mr w Strait & Narrow Way w Strait Gate w Strong w Stupidity w Suicide w Superstition w |
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w Taste-that-which-is-good w Takeheed w Talkative w Tell-True w Temporary w Three Shining Ones w Time-server w Timorous w Too-bold w Tophet w Tree of Life w Troubles w Trumpeters w Turn-about w Turn-Away w Turnback w Turncoat w Two-tongues w |
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w Uncertain w |
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w Vain Confidence w Vain Glory w Vain Hope w Valiant-for-Truth w Valley of the Shadow of Death w Vanity / Vanity Fair w Very Dark Lane w |
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w Wanton w Wanton, Madam w Wanton Professor w Want-Wit w Watchful, Mr w Watchful (shepherd) w Water of Life w Way of Holiness w Wicket Gate w Wide Field w Wild-head w Wilderness w Works (Actions) w Worldy-Glory w Worldly Wiseman w |
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| Adam the First | A older gentleman who meets Faithful at the foot of the Hill Difficulty. He offers him an easy life full of physical pleasure. He offers him three of his daughters - The Lust of the Flesh, The Lust of the Eyes, and The Pride of Life. But as he became inclined to go with the man, he saw written on the old man's forehead "Put off the Old Man with his Deeds." He left the old man's company only to discover later that he would have been sold into slavery. | |||
| All-Prayer | the single weapon that allows Christian to traverse the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Although the pilgrim must pick up their feet and walk, the power to give them the courage to continue comes through this weapon. | |||
| Any-thing | See Fair-Speech. | |||
| Apollyon |
see Valley of Humiliation the name is the Greek form of the Hebrew 'Abaddon', meaning 'Destroyer'. In Christian lore he is the angel of the bottomless pit and thus one of the main generals under Satan. Some Bunyan scholars believe he is used here to not only represent the power of the devil but the power of an oppressive government as well, as represented by the conversation he and Christian hold - Apollyon claims to be the Prince and God of the city of Destruction and that he has come to claim Christian and to return him to that city. He is also identified as one of three founders of the Fair at the town of Vanity. |
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| Apostasy | See Very Dark Lane. | |||
| Arbour |
There are several arbors along the path: (1) See Hill Difficulty. Also called the Prince's Arbour. Pilgrims find rest there before continuing up the hill. (2) enchanted arbors in the Inchanted Ground. Pilgrims who go to sleep here may never rise again in this life. How many enchanted Arbors exist in the Inchanted Ground is not revealed, but a couple are mentioned in particular: (a) 'Slothful's Friend'; an arbor in the Inchanted Ground which tempts the pilgrim to end their journey far too soon. (b) an arbor in the Inchanted Ground where Heedless and Too-bold lay sleeping. |
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| Arrogancy | See Discontent. | |||
| Assault Lane | the name of the stretch of the King's Highway where Slay-good the giant accosted pilgrims before being slain by Great-Heart. | |||
| Atheist | Just before reaching the Inchanted Ground, Christian & Hopeful encounter this person, who is returning from the direction they are going. He assures them there is no Celestial City or Mount Zion, even through they have seen them from afar. Atheist only believes in what he can see and touch now and has no confidence in unseen things. He is returning to his own country to enjoy the rest of his days - "I am going back again, and will seek to refresh myself with the things that I then cast away for hopes of that which I now see is not." | |||
| Bath, garden of | In BOOK 2, Interpreter takes Mercy, Christina, and the four boys into the garden of the Bath, where they are made clean of their travels thus far - not only are they "sweet and clean, but also much enlivened and strengthened in their joints." In my personal opinion, this takes the place of the feast of fat things of which Christian partakes in BOOK 1. | |||
| Bat's-Eyes | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
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Sitting atop the Hill Difficulty,
the palace Beautiful is a way-station for the weary pilgrim; built by the Lord of the Hill for the relief
and security of pilgrims. One enters through the Porter's lodge
(formal gatehouse to the estate) where one is confronted by two terrible
lions. The Porter of the lodge, a man by the name of Watchful,
shouts encouragement and tells the pilgrim that the lions are chained and
that they are a test of one's faith and courage. |
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Beelzebub / Beelzebub's castle / Beelzebub's orchard |
In Christian lore, he is one of the chief devils working
under the direction of Satan himself. In Pilgrim's Progress his castle and
properties are separated from the pilgrim's route by a stone wall, and when
the pilgrim knocks at the wicket gate,
Beelzebub's minions climb the wall and shoot arrows at them, while his
wolves howl to scare them away from the gate - and from their pilgrimage to
the Celestial City. In BOOK 2 we also learn that between the Wicket Gate and the Interpreter's House, the pilgrim follows the wall called Salvation, which divides the Strait and Narrow from Beelzebub's estate. Along this wall is the Devil's Garden, which includes fruit trees that hang over the wall and tempt pilgrims to eat. One of Christina's sons did just that, but he was fine until they reached the palace Beautiful, where he took sick. With loving ministrations and hefty doses of medicine they were restored to health. Scholars see these trees as an evil equivalent to the Tree of Life that is in the Celestial City as well as the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, which was in the Garden of Eden. Beelzebub is also identified as a founder and as the chief lord of Fair in the town of Vanity. |
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| Beulah, Country of |
Isaiah 62:1-5 reads: 'Hephzi-bah' means 'to
be desired', and 'Beulah' means 'to be as a wife', 'to be protected and
loved as a wife'. These are the opposite condition of the 'foresaken' and
'desolate' first mentioned in that verse. |
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| Blindman | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Bliss | One of the conditions in which the successful pilgrims lives in within the Celestial City. | |||
| Bloody-Man | See hill Difficulty. | |||
| Book, The | The Holy Bible is the volumed guide that leads Christian throughout Book 1. It is through reading this book that Christian realized the City of Destruction would soon be destroyed and the only way to save himself and his family was by becoming a pilgrim. | |||
| Bottomless Pit | See Hell. | |||
| Bountiful |
See Beautiful sister to Mercy; was sold in the market place by an ungrateful husband. |
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| Brisk, Mr. |
(sharp
in tone or manner) See Beautiful. Mr. Brisk is "a man of some breeding, and that pretended to religion, but a man that stuck very close to the world." He tries to win Mercy as a wife but she refuses. He is impressed by her industry until he realizes it is all done as acts of charity - he then stops his pursuit, explaining that she "was a pretty lass, but troubled with ill conditions." |
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| Broadway-gate | See Dead-Man's Lane. | |||
| Bubble, Madam | See Inchanted Ground. | |||
| Burden |
In BOOK 1, Christian carries a great burden on his shoulders and back,
which grows larger and heavier the more he reads the
Book and realizes he must make great changes in his life. But he also
realizes his strengths and abilities are so very inadequate to the task. The
burden falls off at the place of
Deliverance as he stands at the Cross and feels the effects of the
atoning sacrifice which occurred there. When it falls off, it rolls down the
hill and drops into a sepulchre. (See
Grace.) In BOOK 2, Christina feels a 'great load' when she realizes how poorly she treated her husband prior to his departure and added to that is the realization that she needs to make the same pilgrimage for the same reasons as her husband. |
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| Burning Lake | See Hell. | |||
| By-Ends |
See Fair-Speech;
Hill Lucre;
Vanity. 'By-' is actually a version of 'bye-', which means subsidiary, secondary; out of the way. |
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| By-path Meadow |
After resting in the
Pleasant Meadow and its river and passing by the Sheepfold of a Good
Shepherd, the hearty Pilgrim comes to a place where the
Strait and Narrow Path is rough and
anything but easy on one's already-weary feet. 'By-' is actually a version of 'bye-', which means subsidiary, secondary; out of the way. In BOOK 1, Christian and Hopeful eye a path on the other side of a fence with a stile (a place to step over or through a fence) that appears to parallel the Strait and Narrow, and that path appears to be very smooth and comfortable to the feet. Christian convinces Hopeful that there would be no harm in walking on the easier path, and soon they meet a man named Vain Confidence, who tells them that this easier path leads to the Celestial City. Night soon came, and our pilgrims became lost - while Vain Confidence, not being able to see the path in front of him, fell into a deep pit (set to catch vain-glorious fools) and was dashed to pieces. A terrible storm come sup in the night, and the two Pilgrims find shelter as best they can. The next morning, the Giant Despair discovers them on his estate and he herds them to his Doubting Castle and locks them in the very dark dungeon, where they lay from Wednesday until Saturday night without food or drink. The giant tell his wife Diffidence about his prisoners, and she counsels him to beat them the next day. The following day, again by his wife's counsel, he offers them three ways to suicide and end their misery. Christian is tempted, but Hopeful exclaims that "he that kills another can but commit murder upon his body; but for one to kill himself is to bill Body and Soul at once." The next day they are taken out into the courtyard to see the bones of the former prisoners. Finally, on Saturday night, the two Pilgrims begin to pray, and they pray until daybreak (making their stay in Doubting Castle a simile of Christ's time in the tomb between His death and resurrection.) Near the "morning of the first day of the week" (Matthew 28; Mark 16; Luke 24; John 20) Christian realizes that a key called Promise held against his chest (obviously on a chain) might open any lock - we are not told in the book how or when he obtains this key, but one movie version has the Three Shining Ones present it to him along with the new clothes they give him at the place of Deliverance. The key does in fact open any lock in the castle, and the two Pilgrims escape, returning to the Strait and Narrow and there erecting a monument (a sign; a marker) to warn other Pilgrims of the dangers of By-path Meadow - and this marker saved many Pilgrims who came after, including Christiana and her party. In BOOK 2, Christiana and her party pause at the sight of the marker left by her husband, warning Pilgrims of the dangers of By-path Meadow and of Doubting Castle. Great-Heart determines to storm the castle, set any Pilgrims free, and destroy the place. Christiana's four sons accompany him. They kill Despair and his wife Diffidence and were seven days in demolishing Doubting Castle, discovering Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-Afraid and taking them into their protection. The Pilgrims then play music and dance to celebrate the downfall of the castle and its owner. Before leaving, they raise Despair's head on a pike and place a stone tablet with a verse to commemorate the event. |
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| By-way to Hell | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Carnal-Delights | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Carnal Policy | (worldly calculations) the home of Worldly Wiseman | |||
| Catholic Church | See Rome. | |||
| Caution, hill | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Celestial City |
The home of the Great King; the goal of all honest pilgrims.
It resides high above the clouds upon Mount Zion. It has been described as a place of Bliss, where
the pilgrim lives among Immortals, especially the many prophets and
patriarchs who paved the Way for the
pilgrims to follow. The Tree of Life is found within this city. In BOOK 1, in the Country of Beulah, Christian and Hopeful see that its walls are built from pearls and precious stones and its streets are paved with gold and shine in the sun so brightly that they are sick for longing to be there. They cross the River and ascend Mount Zion to reach the gate to the city. They are told that the city is the Paradise of God and that they will see the Tree of Life and eat of its never-failing fruits. They will wear never-fading robes of white and walk daily with the King all the days of Eternity, and all the bad, sad, sorrowful things of their life before will not be seen again. They are told of prophets and patriarchs they will associate with, and then their service with the King is described. They will see the Holy One as He is and serve with Him as well. They will be reunited with friends who reached the city before them. They will be clothed and equipped to ride out with the King in the final days of the earth. |
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| Charity |
See Faith/Hope/Charity; Works (Actions). |
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| Charity, Holy Kiss of |
See Charity. the greeting with which Mr. Honest greeted each member of Christina's group when meeting them in the wilderness. |
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| Charity, Mount | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Christian | The main character of Book 1. | |||
| Christian Acts/Deeds | see Charity; Works (Actions). | |||
| Christiana |
Christian's wife; the main character
of Book 2 CHRISTIANA'S PARTY: When Christiana first sets out from the city of Destruction, her traveling party includes herself, her four sons James, Joseph, Samuel, Matthew, and the maid Mercy. It eventually swells to include their guide and protector Mr. Great-Heart as well as Mr. Honest, Mr. Feeble-Mind, and Mr. Ready-to-Halt. Phebe joins the traveling party when she weds James at her father Gaius' Inn. (Earlier, Mercy had wed Matthew in this place.) Grace and Martha marry Samuel and Joseph in their father Mr. Mnason's home in Vanity and become part of the congregation. All four of the young wives bare children, further adding to the congregation. At By-path Meadow, Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-Afraid are rescued from Doubting Castle and join the party. In the land between the Delectable Mountains and the Land of Beulah, Valiant-for-Truth and Steadfast join the group. Scholars agree that while BOOK 1 is the story of an individual traversing his way through a good Christian life, BOOK 2 reflects the journey of a congregation, complete with a conductor (minister) guiding, counseling, and protecting them. |
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| Civility | see Morality | |||
| Conceit, Country of | Between the Delectable Mountains and the Inchanted Ground, the Country of Conceit lays on the left-hand side of the Strait and Narrow, connected to it by a little crooked lane. Ignorance is from this place. | |||
| Conductor |
men-servants who, when requested, are sent to accompany and
protect mostly the female pilgrims. While this seems highly sexist to the modern
reader, let us remember that even today it is more often the female Christian who seeks
the guidance and help of a minister than the male Christian - in this regard
Mr. Bunyan is being very true to reality. It also appears sexist to the modern reader that the protectors are all men. Such was the case in Bunyan's day - he wrote with the sensibilities of his time and place, and we should read it accordingly. Great-Heart is that conductor who conducts Mercy, Christina, and her four boys from the Interpreter's House to the palace Beautiful and then on to the Celestial City. Great-Heart recites the time he accompanied Mr. Fearing on his pilgrimage, thus illustrating the fact that a man who seeks a conductor is also freely given one. Great-Grace is referred to as the King's Champion, which surely makes him a conductor. |
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| Confusion, Clouds of | see Valley of the Shadow of Death | |||
| Contrite | a righteous soul in the town of Vanity at the time that Christiana and her party pass through. | |||
| Coveting, County of | In BOOK 1, By-ends is rejected as a traveling companion to Christian and Hopeful, and he immediately joins a group of former school mates - "Mr. Hold-the-world, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all, men that Mr. By-ends had formerly been acquainted with; for in their minority they were schoolfellows, and taught by one Mr. Gripeman, a schoolmaster in Lovegain, which is a market-town in the county of Coveting, in the North. This Schoolmaster taught them the art of getting, either by violence, cozenage, flattering, lying, or by putting on a guise of religion; and these four gentlemen had attained much of the art of their master, so that they could each of them have kept such a school themselves." | |||
| Cross |
that symbol used by Christians to represent the
Atoning Sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Part of Jesus' earthly mission was to
suffer vicariously for all the sins and evils of mankind so that He could
stand as Mediator in the Day of Judgment and 'cover for' those sins and
errors and shortcomings of those who, in mortality, accepted His sacrifice
and accepted Him as their Savior and Redeemer. In Pilgrim's Progress it is at the Place of Deliverance that Christian sees the Cross and the great burden falls from his shoulders as he realizes what the Savior had done for him. This is essentially when he is sufficiently converted to the Lord that his budding Faith has justified the effects of the Savior's Grace in his life. Some Christian churches do not use the Cross as their religious symbol - this does not mean they aren't Christian; it means they simply don't use a Roman torture device as a symbol of their faith. Also, some choose to emphasize the truth that the Savior's mission was not completed on the cross; it was completed as He died and then rose a resurrected Being, thus paving the way for us to also rise from the dead as an eternal, glorified being. As trying to raise the symbol of an Empty Tomb on a church spire would be as foolish as trying to picture it, they opt for a simple spire without symbols atop them. |
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| Cruelty | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Damnable Apostate | See Very Dark Lane. | |||
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At the base of the Hill
Difficulty, there are two paths that only appear to skirt the base of
the hill and appear to be a much easier way around. The path named Danger,
however, leads into a dark woods. Destruction leads into a wide field
full of dark mountains, where the wayward pilgrim will stumble, fall, and
rise no more. Pilgrims who leave the Strait
and Narrow and try these paths are often not seen again, and only their
screams let others know they made a poor choice. In BOOK 2 we learn that these two by-roads were once stopped up with chains, posts, and even a ditch, but there were pilgrims so determined to try these paths that these guards could not hold them back. |
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| Dare-not-Lie | a righteous soul in the town of Vanity at the time that Christiana and her party pass through. | |||
| Dark-Land | a land along the same coast as the City of Destruction.; the former residence of Valiant-for-Truth; his parents still reside there. He was compelled to become a pilgrim by the preaching of Mr. Tell-True, who came there spreading the word concerning Christian and his successful pilgrimage. | |||
| Dead-Man's Lane |
In BOOK 1, Between the Delectable
Mountains and the Inchanted Ground,
Christian and Hopeful
recount the story of Little-Faith: While going on pilgrimage and traveling
this lane, there came down from the Broad-Way Gate three rogues -
Faint-Heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, who robbed Little-faith of all his money.
Hearing someone else on the road the rogues fled, suspecting it might be
Great-Grace form the town of Good-Confidence. Little-Faith was greatly
hampered in his pilgrimage by the loss of his spending money, but he
retained his jewels (faith and other spiritual gifts) as we as his parchment
certificate which would admit him into the Celestial City. A lengthy
discourse occurs between Christian and
Hopeful, comparing Little-Faith to the biblical Esau. |
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| Dead Sea |
This has nothing to do with the actual Dead Sea in the Holy Land; he is referring to a Sea of Death. See Hell. |
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| Death, Valley of he Shadow of | see Valley of the Shadow of Death | |||
| Delectable Mountains |
These mountains are a beautiful country of woods, vineyards, fruits of
all sorts, flowers, springs, and fountains... and Shepherds. |
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| Deliverance, Place of |
In BOOK 1, Goodwill tells
Christian that this is where he will be relieved of his
Burden. It is a hill topped with a Cross, and at its
base is a sepulchre. When
Christian reached that place and beheld the Cross, the realization of
what Christ did there for him personally causes the burden to fall from his
back, roll down the hill, and drop into the sepulchre.
Christian then exclaims -
"He hath given me rest by his Sorrow,
Three Shining Ones
then appeared and give him gifts for his pilgrimage. |
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| Demas |
1) biblically, he was a companion of Paul's who
forsook the ministry for the things of the world (2 Timothy 4:10) |
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| Desire of Vain-Glory | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Despair, Giant | See By-path Meadow. | |||
| Despair, Iron Cage of | See Interpreter's House. | |||
| Despond, Slough of |
(helplessness; depression) a miry, boggy swamp on the wide field.
It is in the slough that a sinner is awakened to their lost condition;
fears and doubts rising and often overwhelming them. There are steps in
getting out of the slough, but Christian doesn't
see them until Help points them out. In BOOK 2, Christina and her companions put the steps to good use to pull themselves out of the mire and continue their journey to the Gate. We learn that at this point of the journey there are laborers who pretend to work for the King in mending His highway but actually bring dirt and dung instead of stones. |
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| Despondency, Mr. | (helplessness; depression) He and his daughter Much-Afraid, being described as "honest people", were rescued from Doubting Castle by Great Heart and Christiana's sons and joined Christiana and her party. Christiana ministers to him and his hunger until he is revived. See By-path Meadow. | |||
| Destruction (path) | See Danger | |||
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The city in which Book 1 & 2 both begin. |
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| Devil's Garden | See Beelzebub's orchard. | |||
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In BOOK 1,
once Christian
got past the temptation of the paths
Danger and Destruction, he drinks from the spring at the base of
the hill before starting the climb. Part way up the hill there is an
Arbour built by the Lord of the Hill, where
Christian fell asleep, loosing his roll.
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| Diffidence | distrust; especially in God. She is the wife of the Giant Despair - see By-path Meadow. | |||
| Discontent | Faithful met this person in the Valley of Humiliation, who tried to talk him into abandoning his pilgrimage, saying he would offend him and his friends Pride, Arrogancy, Self-Conceit, and Worldy-Glory if he continued. | |||
| Discretion | See Beautiful. | |||
| Doubting Castle | See By-Path Meadow. | |||
| Dragons of the pit |
see Valley of the
Shadow of Death The pit, we can assume, means Hell. |
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| Dull | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Ease, Plain of | a "delicate plain" that is so narrow it seems the Pilgrim crosses it before they know they're on it. This may be an indication of how much ease there is in the typical Pilgrim's life. It is between Vanity and the Hill Lucre. Pilgrims in both BOOK 1 and BOOK 2 pass over it so quickly nothing happens except that they pass over it. | |||
| Emmanuel's Land | See the Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Enchanted Ground | See Inchanted Ground. | |||
| End of the Way | a phrase used by Christian to identify the end of the pilgrimage route - the Gates to the Celestial City | |||
| Enmity | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Envy | See Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Error, hill | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Evangelist | A divine guide sent to start Christian on his way on the Path that leads him to the Heavenly City. He steps in on several occasions to rescue, guide, and instruct him as well as other pilgrims. Whether he is mortal or angel we are never told. | |||
| Evidence | Christian refers to his roll as Evidence - evidence that he entered in the strait gate and was commissioned to continue on along the path. | |||
| Experience | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Facing-both-ways | See Fair-Speech. | |||
| Faint-Heart | See Rogues. | |||
| Fair-Speech |
Christian and
Hopeful meet a man named By-ends as they are
traveling towards the Plain of Ease, who is
from the town of Fair Speech - in fact he is related to nearly everyone in
town, to include Lady Feigning,
Lord Turn-about, Lord Time-server, Lord Fair-speech ("from
whose ancestors that town first took its name), Mr. Smooth-man,
Mr. Facing-both-ways, Mr. Any-thing, and the parish parson Mr.
Two-tongues. This town is "a wealthy place", and the have certain traditions which differ them from other, stricter societies: "First, we never strive against wind and tide. Secondly, we are always most zealous when Religion goes in his silver slippers; we love much to walk with him in the street, if the sun shines and the people applaud him." Christian explained to By-ends that if he wanted to travel with him and Hopeful he would have to "go against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is against your opinion: you must also own Religion in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh the streets with applause." By-ends naturally refuses to do such a thing, and the two pilgrims remove themselves from his company. The last we see of him and his companions from the County of Coveting is when they turn aside to view the pit near the silver mine in Hill Lucre. |
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| Fair-speech, Lord | See Fair-Speech. | |||
|
See Faith, Grace, Works.
FAITH IS HOPE & ASSURANCE: "...faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen." (Hebrews 11:1, King James Version) Paul’s definition takes on added meaning through the works of other translators: "To have faith is to be sure of the things we hope for, to be certain of the things we cannot see." (Good News Bible); "Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see." (New International Version); "AND WHAT IS FAITH? Faith gives substance to our hopes, and makes us certain of realities we do not see." (New English Bible); "Only faith can guarantee the blessings that we hope for, or prove the existence of the realities that at present remain unseen." (The Jerusalem Bible) The Book of Mormon teaches: "...faith is things which are hoped for and not seen..." (Ether 12:6); "...faith is not to have a perfect knowledge of things; therefore if ye have faith ye hope for things which are not seen, which are true." (Alma 32:21) FAITH IS ACTION: Hebrews chapter 11 illustrates the concept that when one has Faith, one acts upon it so that it becomes a driving force in the life of a pilgrim - faith enables and empowers them to act upon their faith and do those things the Lord has called them to do. Without this action being taken, the 'assurance' aspect of faith has been a waste of time and effort. FAITH IS POWER: "...faith is not only a principle of action, but of power also, in all intelligent beings, whether in heaven or on earth. Thus says the author of the epistle to the Hebrews (11:3): "‘Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.’ "By this we understand that the principle of power which existed in the bosom of God, by which the worlds were framed, was faith; and that it is by reason of the principle of power existing in the Deity, that all created things exist; so that all things in heaven, on earth, or under earth, exist by reason of faith as it existed in HIM. "Had it not been for the principle of faith the worlds would never have been framed, neither would man have been formed of the dust. It is the principle by which Jehovah works, and through which he exercises power over all temporal as well as eternal things. Take this principle or attribute - for it is an attribute - from the Deity, and he would cease to exist. "Who cannot see, that if God framed the worlds by faith, that it is by faith that he exercises power over them, and that faith is the principle of power? And if the principle of power, it must be so in man as well as in the Deity? This is the testimony of all the sacred writers, and the lesson which they have been endeavoring to teach to man. "The Saviour says (Matthew 17:19-20), in explaining the reason why the disciples could not cast out the devil, that it was because of their unbelief: ‘For verily I say unto you,’ said he, ‘If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you.’” (Joseph Smith, LECTURES ON FAITH (Salt Lake City: Deseret Books, 1985) pg. 3-4) |
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| Faith, Grace, Works |
See Faith;
Grace; Works (Actions).
Most Christian churches argue over which single principle will save us, when in reality it takes a harmonious blend of all three to start, flesh out, and complete our salvation and eternal life. I once wrote an entire book on the subject of Faith, Grace, & Works; enjoy; it is in .pdf format so you can read it from your e-reader. I appreciate the following quote: "We represent Christ by accepting His doctrine. When we are in favor of the doctrine of Christ we manifest our faith by our works, and consequently are saved by grace and are justified by faith, because we manifest our faith by our works. There is the key. "I pray God our eternal Father that we may have grace to overcome temptation, obey His commandments and in the end be saved in His kingdom through Jesus Christ." (Elder George Teasdale, LDS Conference Report, April 1899; underlining by this author) The key phrases in this quote are: "saved by grace"... "justified (in receiving the effects of grace) by faith" ... "manifest our faith by our works". |
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| Faith, Hope, Charity |
See Faith;
Faith, Grace, Works. Faith wakes in the pilgrim a Hope that the Strait and Narrow path they are on is the correct one. They act upon that hope by continuing upon the path and assisting all they meet. |
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| Faithful |
Once-neighbor of Christian in the
city of Destruction. He leaves on his pilgrimage
shortly after his friend, passing by him while he is in the palace
Beautiful. They meet in the
wilderness past the
Valley of the Shadow of Death,
and as they walk along he relates to Christian things that happed to him on
the Wide Field, at the
Hill Difficulty, and in the Valley of
Humiliation. He preaches and proselytes in Vanity and his martyred there. Hopeful is the only named person who become a pilgrim because of Faithful's proselyting in the city of Vanity. |
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| Fat things |
See palace Beautiful, where
Christian partakes of a meal of fat things. The Hebrew transition in the Old Testament for 'fatness' in this regard is (figuratively) a rich dish, a fertile field, a robust man ... things full of life, strength, virility, and that give joy and delight...Things that build you up, strengthen you, and delight you. There is an old hymn by W. W. Phelps that tells us there is a feast of fat things being prepared for the Righteous - the great Feast of the Bridegroom, as it is called in the New Testament. It sounds somewhat funny to today's ear, but it carries a very good message. Additionally, the Book of Mormon admonishes us to "not spend money for that which is of no worth, nor your labor for that which cannot satisfy... come unto the Holy One of Israel, and feast upon that which perisheth not, neither can be corrupted, and let your soul delight in fatness" (2 Nephi 9:51), meaning to feast upon and delight in all the life-giving, strengthening, delightful, and joyful things Christ has prepared for us. In BOOK 2, Bunyan showed incredible tact and consideration to the women of the church in not sending the women to a feast of 'fat things'; it is my personal opinion that the Garden of the Bath at Interpreter's House may serve the same purpose in refreshing, strengthening, and delighting the female pilgrim. What a Gentleman! |
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| Fear | See Hope and Fear; Interpreter's House; Mr. Fearing. | |||
| Fearful | See Interpreter's House. | |||
| Fearing. Mr. |
See Hope
and Fear. A pilgrim from the town of Stupidity, which lies "four
degrees northward of the city of Destruction". |
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| Feeble-Mind |
See Gaius/Gaius' Inn. Today 'feeble'
means weak - as in 'stupid', but historically it meant 'fragile';
'frail'; 'sickly'. Mr. Feeble-Mind was "a sickly man" from the town of Uncertain, where he and his father were both born. "Because death did usually once a day knock at my door, I thought I should never be well at home; so I betook myself to a pilgrim’s life, and have traveled hither..." He found great comfort at the house of the Interpreter, and he received aide in climbing the Hill Difficulty as well as great comfort at the palace Beautiful. In describing himself to Great-Heart, he said: "Robbed I looked to be, and robbed to be sure I am; but I have, as you see, escaped with life, for the which I thank my King as the author, and you as the means. Other brunts I also look for; but this I have resolved on, to wit, to run when I can, to go when I cannot run, and to creep when I cannot go. As to the main, I thank him that loved me, I am fixed; my way is before me, my mind is beyond the river that has no bridge, though I am, as you see, but of a feeble mind." Great-Heart asks him if he knew Mr. Fearing, and we find out that he is the older man's nephew and of much the same temper and personality. Christina's party bids Feeble-Mind to join them as they leave Gaius' Inn, but he is reluctant as he feels he would slow them down and be a burden to them. But as he was declining the offer, along came Mr. Ready-to-Halt, upon his crutches, who joins them - so Feeble-Mind joins them as well. |
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| Feigning | See Fair-Speech. | |||
| Fetters | (shackles) chained, iron rings put on the arms and legs of prisoners. See Simple, Sloth, Presumption. | |||
| Filth | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
| Fire and Brimstone | what Christian saw would rain down and destroy the city of Destruction | |||
| Flatterer |
Between the Delectable
Mountains and the Inchanted Ground,
Christian and Hopeful come
to a fork in the road and don't know which way to go. We remember that back
in the Delectable Mountains, one of the
shepherds had given them a map/directions ('note of the way'); another
warned them to beware of the Flatterer. Not looking at their map, they saw a
man in a light robe who held himself so they could not see his dark face -
the opposite of a Shining One. This person bid
them to follow him as he was also going to the
Celestial City. Instead, they are led into a trap and are caught fast in
a net, and at this point the robe falls away from their guide and he is
revealed to be anything but a Shining One. A true Shining One comes upon them, and after a stern lecture they are told that their false guide was Flatterer, a false apostle who transforms himself into an Angel of Light. They are released from the net and set back on the path for Zion. We later discover that there is more than one Flatterer - Christian and Hopeful use the term when referring to anyone who would cause them to stray from the Strait and Narrow. |
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| Fool | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Forgetful Glen | see the Valley of Humiliation | |||
|
See Hypocrite. As Christian passes by Simple, Sloth, Presumption, he then encounters Formalist and Hypocrite from the land of Vain Glory climbing over the wall called Salvation to enter the Strait and Narrow at that point instead of entering in at the Wicket Gate, as commanded by the King of the Celestial City. Christian tried in vain to encourage them to go to the gate and enter in the right way, exclaiming that to enter in their fashion makes them thieves and robbers. They assure him that the King will excuse them because pilgrims from their land have always done it in such a manner; they are simply acting by custom for over a thousand years - hence there is a legal precedence though which the King will have to let them enter. They also claim that it doesn't matter how one gets on to the path as long as one gets on it. Christian points out that they do not have coats as given along the path which marks them as a pilgrim; neither do they have the mark on their forehead or a roll that will admit them into the City. Shortly after Christian gives up, the three of them come to Hill Difficulty. Instead of staying on the path, these two take the paths Danger and Destruction, and this is the last he sees of these two, although he does hear their death screams. |
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| Four Boys | James, Joseph, Samuel, Matthew, the four sons of Christian and Christina, who accompany their mother on their pilgrimage. | |||
| Fountain of Life | Mr. Sagacity tells the Narrator in Book 2 that Christian now lives at and in the Fountain of Life. As he is living in the Celestial City, we must assume this is another name for that place. | |||
|
Gaius / Gaius' Inn |
a "very honorable disciple" who runs an inn for
pilgrims in the wilderness between the
Valley of the Shadow of Death
and the town of Vanity, undoubtedly
based on a man named Gaius who housed the Apostle Paul for a time (Romans
16:23). In BOOK 2 Christiana and her party stop at Gaius' Inn, which in the wilderness between the Valley of the Shadow of Death and the town of Vanity. Gaius send to the cook, Taste-that-which-is-good, to make a meal for the new arrivals out of what was already in the house (it was late at night). Referring to Christina, he asked who this "aged matron" is; the first indication of the length of time it takes for one's pilgrimage. When he finds out she is the wife of Christian, he rejoices, and he review other great pilgrims of the same lineage: Stephen, James, Paul, Peter, Ignatius, Romanus, Polycarp, and others. He mentions Christian's stock as having come from Antioch, which according to the New Testament is the first place Christ's followers were called Christians (Acts 11:26). He suggests that Mercy and Matthew should marry, which they eventually do. He also discourses on the topic of Women and the good works done by many. Supper is finally served, each course taking on a spiritual significance, several of which are commented on by Matthew, who is answered by Gaius. A riddle is told, which Joseph comments on. Shortly afterwards, Samuel whispers to his mother that they should stay here a while. (We are told that they stay a month at the Inn, during which time Mercy and Matthew wed. While there, Mercy, as was her custom, made cloths for the poor.) After this initial supper they four boys all go to bed, but Christiana, Mercy, Mr. Honest, and Great Heart all stay up and socialize with Gaius, telling more riddles and discussing the doctrine involved - most important of all the topic of Grace. The next morning James is bid to read Isaiah 53 and it is discussed. Following this they walk out into the fields, to where a giant named Slay-good annoys pilgrims along he King's Highway. They find the giant with Feeble-Mind in his hand, his servants having brought him to him. great-Heart does him battle and cuts off his head, bringing Feeble-Mind back to the Inn. Someone arrives, having found Mr. Not-Right dead along the Path. It is right about this time that Mercy and Matthew wed, and Gaius gives his daughter Phebe to James to wed. They spend ten more days at the inn before departing, but only after a great feast. They try to pay Gaius for their stay and he refuses, saying that he receives his pay from the Good Samaritan. Christina's party bids Feeble-Mind to join them, but he is reluctant as he feels he would slow them down and be a burden to them. But as he was declining the offer, along came Mr. Ready-to-Halt, upon his crutches, who joins them - so Feeble-Mind joins them as well. |
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| Gate |
There are a few gates of importance: 1. the Wicket Gate, which the pilgrim must enter to begin their pilgrimage along the Strait and Narrow Path 2. the gatehouse (Porter's Lodge) to the house called Beautiful, guarded by two lions that are, unknown to the pilgrim, chained so they cannot enter the path - they are a test of the pilgrim's faith and courage. 3. The Golden Gate to the Celestial City, which is the final goal and destination of the pilgrim. It is also called the 'further Gate' as it is the further from the beginning of the journey. |
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| Gehazi | See Demas. | |||
| God |
referred to in several ways: |
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| Godlyman | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Golden Gate | the gate to the Celestial City, as seen by Christina in a dream. In this dream she is escorted there by One Coming with Wings; undoubtedly an angel (shining one). | |||
| Good-Confidence | home of Great-Grace; see Dead-Man's Lane. | |||
| Good-Conscience | a friend of Mr. Honest who waited with the heavenly hosts at the River to lend him a hand to help him across. | |||
| Good Samaritan | he who pays Gaius for his feeding and boarding of pilgrims at his inn; a character from one of Christ's parables in the New Testament (Luke 10). | |||
| Goodwill | the gatekeeper at the wicket gate; He is representative of Christ as he tells Mercy that he prays for all them that believe in him; a servant would not think or speak this way. According to the Book of Mormon it would have to be Christ as it is His fold and His flock: "...come unto the Lord, the Holy One. Remember that his paths are righteous. Behold, the way for man is narrow, but it lieth in a straight course before him, and the keeper of the gate is the Holy One of Israel; and he employeth no servant there; and there is none other way save it be by the gate; for he cannot be deceived, for the Lord God is his name." (2 Nephi 9:41, underlining by this writer) | |||
| Grace |
See Faith/Grace/Works.
|
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| Graceless |
(1) Christian's name before he began
reading the Book. (2) a town near Vanity; see Temporary. |
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| Great-Grace | See Dead-Man's Lane. He is referred to as the King's Champion, which undoubtedly means is a conductor and guide. | |||
| Great-Grace, Son of | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Great-Heart |
a man-servant in the
Interpreter's House, he
is commissioned to "take a sword, and helmet, and shield; and, Take these
my daughters, said he, conduct them to the house called
Beautiful, at which place they will rest
next." he ends up conducting them the rest of the way to the
Celestial City. While in the valley of the Shadow of Death, he identifies himself as "a servant of the God of Heaven". |
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| Great One of the Fair | See Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Grim | See hill Difficulty. | |||
| Gripeman | See County of Coveting. 'Gripe' means to grab or clutch and was a term to mean oppressing covetness and applied to situations such as usury (the charging of interest). | |||
| Guilt | See Rogues. | |||
| Gulph | (abyss) See Hell. | |||
| Hate-Good | See Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Hate-Light | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Having Greedy | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Heady | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Heavenly Jerusalem | See Celestial City. | |||
| Heedless |
In BOOK 2 Christiana's party encountered two persons with this
name: (1) See the Valley of the Shadow of Death. (2) See Enchanted Ground. |
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| Heirs of Salvation | See Mount Zion - those who inherit a place in the Celestial City. | |||
| Hell |
See also By-way to Hell. also referred to as a burning lake; a bottomless pit; a dead sea - it is the final place of eternal punishment for those pilgrims who are unwilling to remain on the Strait and Narrow while following the commandments of God in all things. |
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| Help | a man who, upon request, pulls Christian from the Slough of Despond and shows him that there were steps to use to escape the slough | |||
| Help, asking for |
After rescuing Christina and
Mercy from the two
Ill-favored Ones, Reliever expresses surprise
that they had not asked for a Conductor to help them with their
pilgrimage. Let's jump into their conversation: CHRISTINA: "... Indeed, it had been well for us had we asked our Lord for one; but since our Lord knew it would be for our profit, I wonder he sent not one along with us." RELIEVER. "It is not always necessary to grant things not asked for, lest by so doing they become of little esteem; but when the want of a thing is felt, it then comes under, in the eyes of him that feels it, that estimate that properly is its due, and so consequently will be thereafter used. Had my Lord granted you a conductor, you would not either so have bewailed that oversight of yours, in not asking for one, as now you have occasion to do." The Great King makes us ask for help to ensure that we will treasure the given help; otherwise it would not be a thing of worth and we would get to the point that we would not esteem it of any worth. When at the Interpreter's House, Christina does ask for help in getting to Beautiful, which is given her in the form of Great-Heart. Upon arriving at Beautiful, Christina wishes that Great-Heart could accompany them further, and he explains that if she had asked that it would have been granted. Eventually he is given leave to do just that, but only after a lesson being taught on asking. |
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| High-Mind | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Hobgoblins |
see Valley of the
Shadow of Death Most dictionary definitions vary somewhat, but essentially it is a small grotesque supernatural creature that makes trouble for human beings. |
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| Hold-the-world | See County of Coveting. | |||
| Holiness, Way of | See Strait and Narrow Way | |||
| Holy-Man | a righteous soul in the town of Vanity at the time that Christiana and her party pass through. | |||
| Honest, Mr. | an old pilgrim Christina and her party meet in the wilderness prior to the town of Vanity. He is originally from the town of Stupidity, which is about four degrees from the city of Destruction. He becomes a member of Christina's party and travels with them to the Celestial City. In the Inchanted Ground they meet Steadfast, who is from the same country as Honest and refers to him as Father Honest. | |||
| Honesty | See Temporary. | |||
| Hope |
See Faith/Hope/Charity;
Hope & Fear. The Bible calls Hope "an anchor for the soul." (Hebrews 6:19) It holds pilgrim to their determination to complete their pilgrimage, assured of the waiting reward. It gives them the courage to face the trials and hardships of the pilgrimage, knowing that the reward is worth it. |
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| Hope and Fear |
See
Interpreter's House; Mr. Fearing. In BOOK 1 we learn that Hope and Fear are not contradictory since both of them involve both an anticipation of the world to come and a lack of contentment for this world. While walking across the Inchanted Ground, Christian and Hopeful discuss this very topic, and it's still the best I've read anywhere: "HOPEFUL. I do believe, as you say, that fear tends much to men’s good, and to make them right at their beginning to go on pilgrimage. "CHRISTIAN. Without all doubt it doth, if it be right; for so says the word, “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” Job 28:28; Psalm 111:10; Prov. 1:7; 9:10. "HOPEFUL. How will you describe right fear? "CHRISTIAN. True or right fear is discovered by three things. 1. By its rise; it is caused by saving convictions for sin. 2. It driveth the soul to lay fast hold of Christ for salvation. 3. It begetteth and continueth in the soul a great reverence of God, his word, and ways; keeping it tender, and making it afraid to turn from them, to the right hand or to the left, to any thing that may dishonor God, break its peace, grieve the Spirit, or cause the enemy to speak reproachfully." (underlining by this author) In BOOK 2, after having the story of Mr. Fearing related to them by Great-heart, Christina and members of her party had the following to say about Fear, Hope, and Grace: CHRISTIANA: "This relation of Mr. Fearing has done me good; I thought nobody had been like me. But I see there was some semblance betwixt this good man and me: only we differed in two things. His troubles were so great that they broke out; but mine I kept within. His also lay so hard upon him, they made him that he could not knock at the houses provided for entertainment; but my trouble was always such as made me knock the louder." MERCY: "If I might also speak my heart, I must say that something of him has also dwelt in me. For I have ever been more afraid of the lake, and the loss of a place in paradise, than I have been of the loss other things. O, thought I, may I have the happiness to have a habitation there! ‘Tis enough, though I part with all the world to win it." MATTHEW: "Fear was one thing that made me think that I was far from having that within me which accompanies salvation. But if it was so with such a good man as he, why may it not also go well with me?" JAMES: "No fears no grace... Though there is not always grace where there is the fear of hell, yet, to be sure, there is no grace where there is no fear of God." GREAT-HEART: "Well said, James; thou hast hit the mark. For the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom; and to be sure, they that want the beginning have neither middle nor end." |
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| Hopeful | A proselyte of Faithful's efforts in Vanity and Christian's traveling companion from that city to the gate of the Celestial City. | |||
| Humble-mind | a servant girl in the palace Beautiful who greets Christina and her party when the arrive there | |||
| Humiliation, Valley of |
(humility) In BOOK 1, Servants from the palace Beautiful accompanied Christian to the base of back side of the hill Difficulty, where he entered this valley, thus helping to make sure he didn't slip and fall on his way - a grand essay on what all pilgrims should be doing for each other. Before he had gone far, a foul fiend named Apollyon stood, straddling the Path (as he could not set foot on it), barring Christian's progress. Apollyon fails to reclaim the pilgrim, and a battle ensued that last for most of the day. Apollyon departed when he became too wounded to continue, and, to revive Christian, a Hand came, carrying some of the leaves of the Tree of Life which was applied to his wounds to heal him. Thus he made his was to the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Faithful was here tempted by Discontent to go back, and he met Shame (who causes shame in others). He withstood both and continued on. In BOOK 2, Great-heart leads Christina and her group down into the valley. They find it to be beautifully green and filled with lilies. They find a humbly-dressed shepherd boy whom Great-heart suspects wears the herb Heart's-ease (also called Johnny Jump-up). He tells the party that the Lord (of the Hill, undoubtedly) used to have his country house in this valley and loved to walk the meadows and breathe the pleasant air. He also tells them that this is a valley no one walks in but for those who love a pilgrim's life, and although Christian had met with evil here, formerly pilgrims met with Angels in this valley, have found Pearls ('pearl of great price' that one does not cast before swine?), and have found Words of Life. He pointed out the Forgetful Glen as they passed by; a place where some pilgrims forget what favors (grace) they have received - as well as being a place where others hard put to (severely tested). he also spoke of the quality of the rain and water, which the King gives to the vineyards of the valley. The small party then examines the place where Christian battled Apollyon before leaving the valley and entering the Valley of the Shadow of Death. |
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| Hypocrisy |
See Formalist. 'Hypocrite' comes from the Greek for 'actor'. One scholar wrote that there were three types of hypocrites in the time period in which Pilgrim's Progress was written: -- the 'privie' hypocrite, who only fools himself; -- the 'grosse' hypocrite, who fools others; -- the 'formal' hypocrite, who fools himself and others. |
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| Ignorance |
a very brisk lad from the
Country of Conceit whom Christian and
Hopeful encounter. He does not begin his pilgrimage
at the Shepherd's Gate as that simply isn't the
tradition where he comes from. He declares that he has lived a good life -
has prayed, fated, payed tithes and given alms; therefore he will be
admitted into the Celestial City despite the
fact that he hasn't traversed the entire
Strait and Narrow and does not have the necessary
parchment certificate for he gates to that
city to be opened to him. Christian and
Hopeful choose not to associate with him and move
along. He shadowed them for some time but they eventually loose him. At
several points they reunite and they have lengthy conversations with him but still choose to
travel without him as much as possible. Upon reaching the river before the Celestial City, Ignorance had himself ferried across by Vain-Hope. He was not admitted into the city as he had no parchment certificate - two angels were sent out to bind him - "Then they took him up, and carried him through the air to the door that I saw in the side of the hill, [By-way to Hell] and put him in there. Then I saw that there was a way to hell, even from the gate of heaven, as well as from the City of Destruction." |
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| Ill-Favored Ones |
(1) As Christina lay sleeping before
she leaves on her pilgrimage, she
sees two very Ill-Favored Ones arguing over how they are not going to let go
of her so she can escape, as did her husband. (2) Between the Wicket Gate and the Interpreter's House, two Ill-favored Ones bar Christina and Mercy's way with the intention of "making a Woman" (sexual assault) out of them. As help arrives, the two assaulters jump over the Wall of Salvation into Beelzebub's estate to escape. Christina feels she should have foreseen this event because of the dream prior to beginning her pilgrimage; she intimates that they be one in the same. (3) See also Flatterer. |
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| Ill-will | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Immortals | Some of those who dwell in the Celestial City. | |||
| Immortality | Pilgrims who obtain the King's city on Mount Zion will be clothed with Immortality as with a garment. | |||
| Implacable | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Inchanted Ground |
In BOOK 1, prior to reaching Land of Beulah,
Christian & Hopeful traverse "a
certain country whose air naturally tended to make one drowsy... And here Hopeful began to be very dull, and heavy to
sleep: wherefore he said unto Christian, I do now begin to grow so drowsy
that I can scarcely hold open mine eyes; let us lie down here, and take one
nap." Realizing it is the Inchanted Ground of which the shepherds in the
Delectable Mountains had warned them,
they begin to discourse on Hopeful's background prior to his conversion to
the life of a pilgrim, including how he at first resisted the light, how he
lost his sense of sin and how it was regained and how he then fled from sin.
Although he began to show obedience to the King's Book,
it was not until he prayed and found pardon through Mercy that he became
whole. Faithful's role in the conversion is
mentioned. Christian & Hopeful meet up with Ignorance again. A discourse ensues in which we find that Ignorance likes to travel alone - meaning that his thoughts and heart are all he thinks he needs to guide him and to justify himself in the coming Eternal judgment; no need to follow 'outward' commands. His false faith and hope are discussed. Once they part with him (again), the they discuss the good and right use of Fear and why the ignorant stifle convictions that lead to Fear and then to Hope. This leads to a discussion about the apostates Temporary and Turnback and how a person can first have Hope but then why and how they go back to what they were before. Finally they reach the Land of Beulah and their discoursing ends for a small while. In BOOK 2, Christiana's party traveled through this place ready to defend themselves should someone or some thing unsavory should attack. It is referred to as a forest, and it is all grown over with briars and thorns except for a few places, where the pilgrim could find an arbor in which to rest, but it was doubtful one would wake from that rest, so the wise pilgrim pushes on. A mist and darkness overcomes the group, and they keep in touch with each other with their voices, for "they walked not by sight"; a reference to 2 Corinthians 5:7. Although they were able to move at a fast pace, the road was rough and there was no inns or public houses where they could obtain food. they past up a tempting arbor referred to as Slothful's Friend and was forced to stop at "a place at which a man is apt to lose his way. Great-Heart pulls out a map (the Bible) and strikes a light and follow he path to the right - which, if they hadn't, they would have ended up in a pit. They then come to an arbor along the side of the path where Heedless and Too-bold are asleep. Each in the party tried to wake them by first calling them by name (Great-Heart knew who they were) and then by shaking them. the two mumbled in their sleep but otherwise gave no reaction. They meet a man kneeling and praying in the way whom Mr. Honest knew - his name was Steadfast (they are from the same general country, and Steadfast refers to him as Father Honest.) He tells them of being tempted by Madam Bubble, a worldy temptress who tempts him with her purse, her body, and her bed (no one wakes from sleep in the Inchanted Ground). He accompanies the party as they leave the Inchanted Ground and enter the Land of Beulah. |
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| Inconsiderate |
There are two persons with this name in the book: |
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| Innocent | (free of sin or wrongdoing; uncluttered by worldly ways) A damsel serving in Interpreter' s House. | |||
| Innocent, Mount | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
|
Interpreter /
Interpreter, House of |
Interpreter is the occupant of the first house the pilgrims
comes to after entering in through the Wicket Gate.
In BOOK 1, he shows the Christian several things that they are ready to see, having obediently entered the Strait and Narrow according to the instructions of the great King: 1. a picture of a man authorized to lead them, so they might not be fooled by frauds; 2. a parlor full of dust which cannot be cleansed without water first being sprinkled; representing the effects of the Gospel in a person's life; 3. little room with two children named Passion and Patience; 4. a place where there was a fire against a wall the burned higher and hotter when water was thrown on it, representing the fact that the Devil has no power to extinguish the effect of grace on a pilgrim's heart; 5. a pleasant place with a palace to which pilgrims were fighting to enter the castle and obtain eternal glory; 6. a man named Fearful in the iron cage of Despair - a minister who sinned against righteousness to the point of no repentance; 7. a chamber where one was rising from bed after dreaming of the Final Judgment when the Wheat and the Tares would be divided and the chaff and stubble would be thrown into the burning lake and the bottomless pit would open to receive it - Christian discovers that Hope and Fear are not opposites in a pilgrim's progress towards the Celestial City. In BOOK 2, Christina and her party come upon the house and overhear the house talking about her - that she is finally on pilgrimage. He knocks and and a damsel named Innocent comes to the door. Upon being identified the girl runs back into the house to announce who's knocking, and the household jumps for joy. The master of the house welcomes Christina and her party. As supper was not yet ready, Interpreter took Christina and showed her all the Significant Rooms he had showed Christian when he had come to the house (1-7 above), and then he showed her some additional scenes: 8. a man looking downward with a muckrake in his hands; 9. the very best room in the house - with a very great spider on the wall; 10. a hen and her chicks that looks upward with every swallow; 11. a butcher and a silent lamb; 12. a peaceful flower garden; 13. a grain field - but there are no grains on the stalks; 14. a robin with a great spider in his mouth. 15. Interpreter recites various wise sayings. 16. She is taken to see a tree whose inside was all rotten and gone. Finally supper is ready and they all go in to eat, reciting for the house why they have become pilgrims and what has happed to them thus far. Afterwards they are shown to sleeping chambers and receive a good night's sleep. In the morning they prepare to leave, but Interpreter bids them to tarry, taking them into the garden of the Bath, where they are made clean of their travels thus far - not only are they "sweet and clean, but also much enlivened and strengthened in their joints." He then seals his mark on them. Innocent is then sent to fetch White Raiment of clean, fine linen to clothe them all, and Great-Heart, a man-servant is commissioned to conduct the party to the palace Beautiful. |
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| James |
the fourth and youngest son of
Christian and Christina He discusses their journey with Great-Heart while in the Prince's Arbour. At the palace Beautiful, Prudence tests him on his knowledge concerning the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. In the Valley of the Shadow of Death his mother gives him some of the medicine from the palace Beautiful to help him through that place. While in the wilderness, Mr. Honest admonishes him - "be thou like James the just, and like James the brother of our Lord. Acts 1:13" While at Gaius' Inn, James is bid to read Isaiah 53 and it is discussed. Also while at the inn he weds the innkeeper's daughter Phebe. He accompanies Great-Heart in the siege and destruction of Doubting Castle. |
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| Jesus Christ |
referred to in many ways: -- Prince -- Lord of the Hill Difficulty -- Lord Governor/Prince, Lord of the country (Mount Zion) -- Merciful One -- Master of the College of Physicians -- The Prince of princes -- blessed One -- Holy One |
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| Joseph |
the third son of
Christian and Christina At the palace Beautiful, Prudence tests him on his knowledge concerning Salvation. While in the wilderness, Mr. Honest admonishes him - "be thou like Joseph in Potiphar’s house, chaste, and one that flees from temptation. Gen. 39." While at Gaius' Inn, Joseph comments on riddles being told. In the town of Vanity, he marries Mr. Mnason's daughter Martha. He accompanies Great-Heart in the siege and destruction of Doubting Castle. |
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| Judge of All | See God. | |||
| King | See God. | |||
| King's Highway | See Strait and Narrow Way | |||
| Know-Nothing | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
| Knowledge | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Law of Moses |
The Law of Moses is that law which Moses brought down from
Mount Sinai. In the eyes of writers such as Bunyan, the Law of Moses was specifically a code of civil and moral
laws but not a spiritual, heavenly law. The New Testament calls
it the "schoolmaster" which prepared Israel for the "higher law" - the
Gospel of Christ. (Galatians 3:24) Far too many Christians harshly dismiss the Law of Moses as a worthless thing, but I remind them of Who gave the Law, and that He would never give anything worthless. Additionally, a student, once they have obtained a degree and they themselves are now a professor, does not turn around and condemn and belittle those professors who got them to where they are - thusly, it is very foolish of Christians to make light of the Law that prepared the world for the Gospel of Christ. I encourage all Christians to study the law of Moses, not has it has been built upon by centuries of priests, rabbis, and scholars, but in it's original form - as the foundation upon which Christ built - and then tell me it is of little worth, as I find it an amazing code for one to live by, even though I do as a Christian live the Gospel of Christ with all it's fulfilling of the principles and purposes of the Mosaic code. In many of the New Testament epistles, "the Law" and "Grace" are constantly being compared. In these passages it is actually "the Law of Moses" and the "Gospel of Christ" that are being compared, the words 'law' and 'grace' being used in the place of the longer terms. In a Christian view, the Law of Moses is that which prepares and teaches a person to love their neighbor and to love and obey their God, while it is the Gospel of Christ that comes in with the power of salvation and the granting of Eternal Life through the Atonement of Jesus Christ, an action Christians see as prophesied of in the Mosaic ordinances. |
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| Leachery | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Lechery | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
| Legality | See Morality | |||
| Legion |
See
Vanity Fair. |
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| Letter | See Parchment. | |||
| Liar | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Light-Mind | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
| Light of Life | Christina tells her boys that this was given to their father Christian as he escaped the Snares of Death. The first edition said 'Light of Light'. | |||
| Linger-after-lust | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Lion-like Men | a phrase used by Mr. Great-Heart when describing the faith and courage of Christian and Faithful; may have it origin in Christ being called the Lion of Judah. | |||
| Lions | See Beautiful. | |||
| Little Faith | See Dead-Man's Lane. | |||
| Live-loose | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Looking-Glass | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Lord of the Hill (Difficulty) | See Jesus Christ. | |||
| Lot's Wife | see Pillar shaped like a woman. | |||
| Love-the Flesh | See Mrs. Timorous. | |||
| Lovegain | a market town in the County of Coveting. | |||
| Love-lust | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Love-Saints | a righteous soul in the town of Vanity at the time that Christiana and her party pass through. | |||
| Lucre, Hill of |
Leaving the town of Vanity,
the Pilgrim passes over the Plain of Ease and
then skirts the Hill Lucre, being tempted by Demas to
take a look into the sliver mine - a pit-mine. He assures
Christian and Hopeful that
it is not a dangerous place except for those who are careless. The two
Pilgrims determine not to go near it. By-ends and his
companions, however, go right over to see the sight, and it is the last we
see or hear of them; we are left to assume they fell in the pit. In BOOK 2, Christiana and her party pass right by without stopping. |
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| Lust of the Eyes | See Adam the First. | |||
| Lust of the Flesh | See Adam the First. | |||
| Luxurious | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Malice | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| Martha | daughter or Mr. Mnason of Vanity; she marries Christiana's son Joseph. | |||
| Marvel, Mount | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Master of the College of Physicians | See Jesus Christ. | |||
| Matthew |
the oldest son of
Christian and Christina |
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| Maul, a giant |
A maul is a
heavy (often wooden-headed) hammer used especially for driving wedges; a
tool like a sledgehammer with one wedge-shaped end that is used to split
wood. In BOOK 2, He is an enemy of God who resides in the Valley of the Shadow of Death and uses sophistry (subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation) to spoil young pilgrims. As he occupies the place Pope and Pagan had in BOOK 1, scholars agree that this is another form of Bunyan's opinion of the Catholic Church. |
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| Merciful One | God or Christ ... or both ... we can discuss that one for ages ... | |||
| Mercy |
a young woman; friend of
Christina, who accompanies her on her pilgrimage, thus showing that
Mercy accompanies all those who at first refuse their pilgrimage but repent
and begin the journey. |
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| Ministering Angels | See Mount Zion; Shining Ones | |||
| Mistrust |
(1) See Hill Difficulty. (2) See Rogues. |
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| Mnason, Mr. | Mr. Mnason gives lodging to Christiana and her party when they reach Vanity. Two of his daughters marry two of Christina's sons. For more detail see Vanity/Vanity Fair. | |||
| Money-love | See County of Coveting. | |||
| Monster | see Vanity/Vanity Fair. | |||
| Morality |
a town off the path from the wide field;
home of Legality and Civility (courtesy). The passing pilgrim
will be told that, instead of the hardships of the pilgrimage, here they may
meet with Safety, Friendship, and Content. they will
also be able to live in Credit (credibility; good reputation) and
good Fashion. There is a hill (Mt. Sinai, complete with clouds, fire,
and thunderings) looming over the town in such a way that many pilgrims are
afraid it will come crashing down on them at any moment.
Goodwill tells Christian that this hill has
been the death of many - they live the civil and moral precepts of God's law
but do not accept the spiritual and eternal aspects of it. |
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| Mount Zion |
the mountain ("mighty hill") upon which the Celestial City
resides. In BOOK 1, Christian and Hopeful cross the River, from the Country of Beulah and are met by two shining men who identify themselves as - "ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for those that shall be the heirs of salvation. Thus they went along towards the gate." Although it was a "mighty hill", they climbed with ease as the two shining men led them by the arms - also because they left their "mortal garments" (their body's mortality and fragility) behind in the River. While ascending the mount, the two men describe the Celestial City, its inhabitants, and what they will do there. As our two pilgrims finally draw near the Gate to the Celestial City, a company of Heavenly Hosts come out to meet them. the two Singing Men introduce them in these words: "These are the men that have loved our Lord when they were in the world, and that have left all for his holy name; and he hath sent us to fetch them, and we have brought them thus far on their desired journey, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in the face with joy. Then the heavenly host gave a great shout, saying, “Blessed are they that are called to the marriage-supper of the Lamb.” There came out also at this time to meet them several of the King’s trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment, who, with melodious noises and loud, made even the heavens to echo with their sound. These trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes from the world; and this they did with shouting and sound of trumpet." Thus surrounded by those of the City, they entered into their reward. Ignorance did not have such a good reception, however. He was rowed across the River and there was no one to greet him at the base of the hill or at the gate. Not having a certificate, he was bound and dragged to Hell. In BOOK 2 we see that there are horses and chariots as well as trumpeters and pipers waiting on the Mount side of the River to receive the faithful Pilgrim. Good-Conscience, a former friend of Mr. Honest, was on hand to lend his hand to help him across the River. |
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| Much-Afraid | daughter of Mr. Despondency; rescued from Doubting Castle and joined Christiana and her party. She dances with Ready-to-Halt as the group celebrates the downfall of the castle. See By-path Meadow. | |||
| No-good | jurist at the trial of Christian and Faithful while in Vanity. | |||
| No-heart | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Not-Right | A pilgrim found dead close to Gaius' Inn. He'd been struck with a thunderbolt. Mr. Feeble-Mind identifies him as "He overtook me some days before I came so far as hither, and would be my company-keeper. He was also with me when Slay-good the giant took me, but he was nimble of his heels, and escaped..." It appears he could have helped Feeble-Mind escape but did nothing to aide him - that was definitely 'not-right'. | |||
| Obstinate | a friend who, with Pliable, follows Christian into the wide field to talk him into coming home; gives up and returns home. | |||
| Old-Man | friend of Beelzebub, Lord of Vanity / Vanity Fair. It make reference to the 'old man' of sin who is washed away by baptism and replaced with a new man who is clean and sinless | |||
| Pagan | See Rome; Valley of the Shadow of Death | |||
| Paradise of God | See the Celestial City. | |||
| Parchment/Roll |
See also
Roll with a Seal. (1) When they first meet, Evangelist gives Christian a roll that has "Flee from the Wrath to come" written on it. (2) At the beginning of BOOK 2, Christina sees a broad Parchment with the sum of her actions written on it. She is taken in fear of what is written there. (3) When Secret gives Christina her parchment from the King, requesting her to start her pilgrimage, it is in the form of a letter as opposed to a roll. (4) All pilgrims are given a parchment, whether a role of a letter, which is the invitation/authorization for admittance into the Celestial City. If they live worthy they will not loose this parchment. Without this document one cannot enter - just ask Ignorance. |
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| Passion | See Interpreter's House. | |||
| Patience | See Interpreter's House. | |||
| Peace (chamber) | See Beautiful. | |||
| Penitent | a righteous soul in the town of Vanity at the time that Christiana and her party pass through. | |||
| Phebe | greek for "shining". A daughter of Gaius who weds James. | |||
| Pillar shaped like a woman | Passing by the Hill Lucre, the Pilgrim comes upon a statue, made of salt, of a woman. This is Lot's wife, who, when fleeing from Sodom, turned to covet what she was leaving behind. (Genesis 19) She stands there still, reminding the Pilgrim to not covet the world they are leaving behind as they turn their back on Vanity and Hill Lucre and enter into the coming rest the Master of the Strait and Narrow has planned for them. | |||
| Piety | See Beautiful. | |||
| Pick-thank | one who tries to extort gratitude or thanks from another person, usually for gain; see Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
| Pleasant Meadow & River |
Passing by Hill Lucre and the
Salt Pillar, the Pilgrim comes to
a Pleasant Meadow and its river. In both books, the Pilgrim has survived the Valley of the Shadow of Death, made it through Vanity and its Fair, and has passed by the temptation of Hill Lucre. Here in this green and lush meadow, the Strait and Narrow path runs alongside an equally pleasant river which King David called the River of God and St. John called the Water of Life. Here the Pilgrim finds a place to rest and recharge their physical, mental, and spiritual stores for the final push towards the Celestial City. BOOK 1 describes the place thusly: "...Now their way lay just upon the bank of this river: here, therefore, Christian and his companion walked with great delight; they drank also of the water of the river, which was pleasant and enlivening to their weary spirits. Besides, on the banks of this river, on either side, were green trees with all manner of fruit; and the leaves they ate to prevent surfeits [maladies caused by overeating], and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travel. On either side of the river was also a meadow, curiously beautified with lilies; and it was green all the year long. In this meadow they lay down and slept, for here they might lie down safely. (Psa. 23:2; Isa. 14:30) When they awoke they gathered again of the fruit of the trees, and drank again of the water of the river, and then lay down again to sleep. Thus they did several days and nights." BOOK 2, Christiana and her party had an additional event in this peaceful place. The book tell us that "...they went on till they came to the river that was on this side of the Delectable Mountains; to the river where the fine trees grow on both sides, and whose leaves, if taken inwardly, are good against surfeits [maladies caused by overeating]; where the meadows are green all the year long, and where they might lie down safely. Psa. 23:2. "By this river-side, in the meadows, there were cotes [shelter for small animals] and folds for sheep, a house built for the nourishing and bringing up of those lambs, the babes of those women that go on pilgrimage. Also there was here one that was intrusted with them, who could have compassion; and that could gather these lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead those that were with young. Heb. 5:2; Isa. 40:11. Now, to the care of this man Christiana admonished her four daughters to commit their little ones, that by these waters they might be housed, harbored, succored, and nourished, and that none of them might be lacking in time to come. This man, if any of them go astray, or be lost, will bring them again; he will also bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen them that are sick. Jer. 23:4; Ezek. 34:11-16. Here they will never want meat, drink, and clothing; here they will be kept from thieves and robbers; for this man will die before one of those committed to his trust shall be lost. Besides, here they shall be sure to have good nurture and admonition, and shall be taught to walk in right paths, and that you know is a favor of no small account. Also here, as you see, are delicate waters, pleasant meadows, dainty flowers, variety of trees, and such as bear wholesome fruit: fruit, not like that which Matthew ate of, that fell over the wall out of Beelzebub’s garden; but fruit that procureth health where there is none, and that continueth and increaseth it where it is. So they were content to commit their little ones to him; and that which was also an encouragement to them so to do, was, for that all this was to be at the charge of the King, and so was as an hospital to young children and orphans." Obviously this One who cares for the children of the Pilgrims could only be the Good Shepherd as described in John 10:1-18: "VERILY, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber. But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. And when he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers. "This parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them. Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. All that ever came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture. The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly. "I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep. But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep. The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep. "I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd. Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father." Compare this passage from the Holy Bible to the scripture supporting the identity of Goodwill, the gatekeeper at the Wicket Gate. |
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| Pleasant River | See Pleasant Meadow. | |||
| Pliable | a friend who, with Obstinate, follows Christian into the wide field to talk him into coming home; turns back after they both fall into the Slough of Despond. Faithful relates to Christian that upon his return to the city of Destruction, Pliable was sunned by everyone for his weakness in coming back and was considered no better than a turncoat. | |||
| Pope | See Rome; Valley of the Shadow of Death | |||
|
Porter / Porter's Lodge |
See Beautiful. | |||
| Pragmatick | See Dead-Man's Lane. 'Pragmatick' means to be a dictatorial busybody. | |||
| Prating Row | 'chatter'; akin to Middle Low German 'pratten' - 'to pout'. See Talkative. | |||
| Prejudice | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Presumption | See Simple, Sloth, Presumption. | |||
| Pride | See Discontent. | |||
| Pride of Life | See Adam the First. | |||
| Prince, Lord of Mount Zion | See Jesus Christ. | |||
| Princely Gate | See Wicket Gate. | |||
| Promise, key | See By-path Meadow. | |||
| Prudence | See Beautiful. | |||
| Ready-to-Halt |
a pilgrim who arrives at Gaius' Inn as
Christina and her party are leaving that place,
and he joins with them. He and Mr. Great-Heart
immediately begin to discuss the exploits and righteousness of
Christian and Faithful. At By-path Meadow, it is recorded that he danced with Much-Afraid as Christian's party celebrates the downfall of Doubting Castle. |
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| Reliever | the person who arrives from the Gate to rescue Christina and Mercy from the two Ill-favored Ones. He then explains to them that they need to ask for help and why the King often requires pilgrims to ask before He grants those things they need. | |||
| Rewards for the Pilgrims | Promised rewards to be given to pilgrims include: Immortality; endless kingdoms; Eternal Life; crowns of glory; garments that will make them shine like the sun; no more crying or sorrow; tears to be wiped away by the King; to be in the company of angels and other pilgrims, and martyrs - all to be bestowed freely | |||
| River (of Death) |
Between the
Country of Beulah and
Mount Zion (where the
Celestial City sits) is the River which is the final obstacle for the
Pilgrim in reaching that city. There is no bridge across the river - the
pilgrim must ford it in faith of reaching a better place. |
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| River of God | See Pleasant Meadow. | |||
| Rogues | Three sturdy rogues lay in wait for travelers along Dead-Man's Lane. Of them Christian said that "they are but journeymen thieves; They serve under the king of the bottomless pit, who, if need be, will come to their aid himself, and his voice is as the roaring of a lion. (1 Peter 5:8)" He also refers to them as a 'company of cowards'. | |||
| Roll with a Seal | a gift given to Christian by the third of the Three Shining Ones; given to admit him through the gate of the Celestial City. We are told that reading the roll often refreshes the pilgrim. | |||
| Rome |
PILGRIM'S PROGRESS holds Rome in great contempt - first as
the Pagan capitol that ruled and held the "known world" captive and
then as the headquarters of the Catholic Church, which still ruled and held
the "known world" captive until the Reformation. Bunyan
called it as he saw it and was not ashamed to say it. I will not interject my
thoughts and feelings as this is about Bunyan and his book - and I will let
history judge the accuracy of Bunyan's opinion on the religious tyranny of
Rome. |
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| Ruin |
a term Christina uses when referring to the City of Destruction |
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| Sagacity, Mr. |
(from the word 'sagacious';
keen in perception; discerning) |
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| Salvation | At the Wicket Gate, Beelzebub's castle is beyond a stone wall, from which his minions shoot arrows at pilgrims trying to get to the gate. Once they pass through the gate, this same wall, now called Salvation, continues to divide the Strait and Narrow Path from Beelzebub's estate. | |||
| Samuel |
the second son of
Christian and Christina At the palace Beautiful, Prudence tests him on his knowledge concerning Heaven and Hell. In the Valley of the Shadow of Death he exclaims that he exclaims that henceforth he will "prize light and the good way, better than I did in all my life." In the wilderness, Mr. Honest admonishes him - "be thou like Samuel the prophet, a man of faith and prayer. Psa. 99:6" While at Gaius' Inn, it is Samuel who suggests they stay a while, especially for Matthew and Mercy to wed, and they stay a month. At the town of Vanity, Samuel marries Grace, the daughter of Mr. Mnason. He accompanies Great-Heart in the siege and destruction of Doubting Castle. |
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| Satyrs |
see
Valley of the Shadow of Death |
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| Save-all | See County of Coveting. | |||
| Saveself | See Temporary. | |||
| Say-well | See Talkative. | |||
| Seal | At the House of the Interpreter, Christina and her party are washed in the garden of the Bath, after which he "took them and looked upon them, and said unto them, “Fair as the moon.” Then he "called for the seal wherewith they used to be sealed that were washed in his bath. So the seal was brought, and he set his mark upon them, that they might be known in the places whither they were yet to go. Now the seal was the contents and sum of the passover which the children of Israel did eat, Exod. 13: 8-10, when they came out of the land of Egypt; and the mark was set between their eyes. This seal greatly added to their beauty, for it was an ornament to their faces. It also added to their gravity, and made their countenance more like those of angels." | |||
| Secret | a heavenly messenger ("I dwell with those that are high") who visits Christina to tell her that the Merciful One has forgiven her and delivers a letter telling her that the King would have her do as her husband did - become a pilgrim and join them in the Celestial City. Some commentators explain that this represents the whisperings of the Holy Spirit as those whisperings are an extremely individual and private - hence, 'secret' - communication and experience. | |||
| Self-Conceit | See Discontent. | |||
| Self-Will, Mr. |
a pretended pilgrim who obviously put his own will and desires before God's
will and desires for him. Great-heart related to Christina's party the story of this person. He never entered onto the Path by the Gate, and be believed "that a man might follow the vices as well as the virtues of pilgrims; and that if he did both, he should be certainly saved." Great-heart has several things to say about this, including: "His supposing that such may have the godly men’s virtues, who addict themselves to their vices, is also a delusion as strong as the other. To eat up the sin of God’s people, as a dog licks up filth, is no sign that one is possessed with their virtues. Nor can I believe that one who is of this opinion, can at present have faith or love in him." Self-will is a manifestation of Pride, as defined in the Book of Mormon: "Yea, how quick to be lifted up in pride; yea, how quick to boast, and do all manner of that which is iniquity; and how slow are they to remember the Lord their God, and to give ear unto his counsels, yea, how slow to walk in wisdom's paths! Behold, they do not desire that the Lord their God, who hath created them, should rule and reign over them; notwithstanding his great goodness and his mercy towards them, they do set at naught his counsels, and they will not that he should be their guide." (Helaman 12:5-6; underlining and italics by myself) |
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| Sepulchre | Located at the bottom of the hill at the place of Deliverance, Christian's burden falls from his back at the Cross and rolls down the hill, falling into the sepulchre - symbolizing that the old pilgrim is dead and the new pilgrim, re-born through faith and grace, continues the pilgrimage without the sins, sorrows, and other burdens of their previous life. Their past now dead and buried, their actions only from this point on will determine how clean and unspotted the rest of their pilgrimage will be. (See Faith, Grace, and Works.) | |||
| Sexual Assault | Between the Wicket Gate and the Interpreter's House, Christina and Mercy are accosted by two Ill-Favored Ones, whose sole intention is to "make Women" out of them. They fight back in every way they can, to include kicking and fighting. Finally Christina screams for help, which arrives from the Gate in the form of Reliever. The two accosters jump over the wall called Salvation and escape into Beelzebub's estate. | |||
| Shame | Faithful met this person in the Valley of Humiliation; a person who does what he can to cause shame in pilgrims. He believes religion is a low, sneaking business and that a tender heart is unmanly. | |||
| Sheepfold of a Good Shepherd | See Pleasant Meadow. | |||
| Shepherds | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Shining Light | that which guides Christian from the city of Destruction to the Wicket Gate. "Keep the Light in your eye," Evangelist tells Christian. | |||
| Shining Ones |
See also Three Shining Ones. Angels and/or other Heavenly Guides that assists pilgrims but guiding, teaching, and admonishing them. |
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| Short-wind | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Simple, Sloth, Presumption |
In BOOK 1, as Christian came to
the bottom of the hill that was the place of
Deliverance, he came upon three
sleeping figures: with fetters on their heels. He
tried to wake them and help them take the fetters off. |
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| Sincere |
(1) a shepherd; see Delectable Mountains. (2) home of Little-Faith; See Dead-Man's Lane. |
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| Skill, Mr. |
See Beautiful an "ancient and well-approved physician" called to assist when Matthew takes sick |
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| Slay-good | See Gaius/Gaius' Inn. | |||
| Sleepy-head | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Sloth | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Slow-pace | See Simple/Sloth/Presumption | |||
| Smooth-man | See Fair-Speech. | |||
| Snares of Death | Christiana tells her boys that their father Christian escaped these and was give the Light of Life. | |||
| Sovereign | See God. | |||
| Steadfast, Mr. | See Inchanted Ground. | |||
| Strait and Narrow Way |
This is the pilgrimage path which begins at the
wicket gate and ends at the
Celestial City; the
city of the great King. It was built by "Patriarchs, Prophets, Christ and
his Apostles". The Book instructs us to "Enter ye
in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the
way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:
Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which
leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it." (Matthew 7:13-14) We have been taught that 'strait' means the same as 'straight', but it doesn't: the Greek for 'strait' means 'narrow'; implying that obedience leaves no room for wavering to and fro - a straightness of mind and heart. Thus Bunyan said this path is as strait as a rule (commandment) can make it; not a ruler (measuring stick). Thus it might not be physically straight, but it will be morally strait. Narrow can be interpreted to mean that there is only one way - no room to step to the left or to the right; no deviation. |
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| Strait gate | see wicket gate. | |||
| Strong | See Delectable Mountains. | |||
| Stupidity |
a town that is about four degrees from the city of
Destruction; the original home of
Mr. Honest. Great-heart proclaims it to be a worse city than Destruction - Bunyan's original footnote says that "Stupefied ones are worse than those merely carnal." - Mr. Honest agrees, saying "we... are more cold and senseless..." |
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| Suicide | See By-path Meadow. | |||
| Superstition | See Vanity / Vanity Fair. | |||
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